This article reviews the latest studies on the mechanism of action of piezo1 in the vertebral body and intervertebral disc-related cells, summarizes the latest research progress, and systematically explains the role of piezo1 in spinal degeneration to find new molecular targets for spinal degenerative diseases and provide new ideas and methods for treatment. Piezo1 affects the density and intensity of the vertebral body and the disc tissue, functioning by affecting cellular differentiation, proliferation, or apoptosis thus, it is an indirect factor associated with the occurrence and development of spinal degenerative diseases. In response to mechanical stress stimuli, piezo1 is expressed in all of the abovementioned cells. In some reports, degenerative disease of the intervertebral disc is present in 90% of people many of them have no signs of the disease. Approximately 10% of 50-year-old men suffer from this disease, and 50% of 70-year-old men have this disease. The incidence of spinal degenerative disease increases with age. Spinal degenerative disease is a common clinical disease, and initial degeneration of the intervertebral disc may appear in adolescence, as many as 20% of young people have mild symptoms. Degeneration of the cartilage endplate can be expressed as endplate inflammation, calcification, etc. It mainly connects the intervertebral disc with the adjacent vertebral body and provides nutrition for the intervertebral disc as a metabolic channel. The cartilage endplate is composed of hyaline cartilage matrix and endplate chondrocytes. Their degeneration can be manifested as nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and rupture of the annulus fibrosus cells, which lead to narrowing of the intervertebral space and a herniated nucleus pulposus compressing the nerve root or spinal cord. The annulus fibrosus is rich in cross-arranged type I collagen fibers and annular fibroblasts, and its main function is to cushion the lateral expansion of the intervertebral disc. The nucleus is a gel-like substance composed of nucleus pulposus cells and mainly acts to resist the longitudinal pressure transmitted up and down the spine and absorb shock. The intervertebral disc has the function of transmitting and buffering spinal stress caused by body weight and muscle contraction. It is a complex tissue composed of the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplates. The intervertebral disc is the soft connective tissue that connects the adjacent vertebral bodies of the spine. The increase in osteoclasts leads an increased osteoclast effect, decreased MSCs lead to decreased osteoblast differentiation, and decreased osteoblasts themselves can affect the bone mass and density of the vertebral body, which are also important factors leading to osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Clinically, most low back pain occurs due to degenerative changes in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. Spinal degenerative diseases include diseases involving the degeneration of the bony vertebrae and intervertebral discs. Mechanism of Spinal Degenerative Diseases Through reviewing the relevant literature of piezo1 in the abovementioned cells, this paper discusses the effect of piezo1 protein expression under mechanical stress stimuli on spinal degenerative disease, providing the molecular basis for the pathological mechanism of spinal degenerative disease and also a new basis, ideas, and methods for the prevention and treatment of this degenerative disease.ฤก.1. They can all receive external mechanical stimulation through the piezo1 protein channel to affect cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis to promote the occurrence and development of lumbar degenerative diseases. ![]() In addition to the discovery that piezo1 is expressed in the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems, it is also stably expressed in cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and nucleus pulposus cells that constitute vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. ![]() In recent years, studies on piezo1 have gradually increased and deepened. Piezo1 has attracted widespread attention since it was discovered in 2010. As a newly discovered mechanosensitive ion channel protein, the piezo1 protein participates in the transmission of mechanical signals on the cell membrane and plays a vital role in mammalian biomechanics.
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